English

          

          Throughout my general education years i have never really enjoyed reading. When i attended YMHS  i now   enjoy reading. Its about finding what you enjoy reading an not being forced to read a book you don't like. At Yampah you have opportunities to read  books you actually are  interested in. Some of the books i've read  i had opportunities to not only read a book but go on field trips to learn more about what i read about. Last  school year 09-10 i went to California on a school trip an visited the Holocaust Museum in Los Angeles California. An learned more  about the horrible situations that the jewish people had to go through. It was very interesting sitting in a gas chamber like the one that the two young boys sat in when they passed away. it was a sad experience just thinking about what they really had to be put through over hate.  I've also became a better writer in the last few years i have found out that i like to write like i am talking to someone  an i needed to work on my writing style with more discriptive language i believe i have become a better writer an will be able to write expressive pieces of writing in time to come in an everyday setting or in higher education.

          I really enjoyed  reading this book it gave me a different out look on life an the struggles an horrible experiences that people in the Holocaust had to go through this book is about two young boys that had two totally different  lives. Being separated from each other by race an hate against each other not even understanding why at such a young age. The two young boys are named  Bruno being the  son of a Nazi Commandant.  Shmuel was  Jewish boy who was captured by the Germans. Bruno would like to be known as a explorer loving to be out doors an explore nature being curious and looking around his surroundings.Shmuel was  shy i guess you can say lonely person.  One day Bruno exploring around his house he ended up going to far an came along to a fence. When he arrived at the fence he had found Shmuel sitting on the other side. Bruno an Shmuel introduce themselves to each other Bruno being curious asks Shmuel questions. As they got to know each other more the two learned that they had the same birthday an had a lot in common they didn't understand why they had to be separated. time goes on an they become best friends Shmuel cant find his father in the camp an is worried. Bruno being a really good friend to Shmuel tells him that he will help him find his father. The next day the two meet up at the fence Shmuel has some striped pajamas for Bruno they dig a hole so that he could go into the camp to find his father as there looking the German soldiers gather up a group of people they are forced to be takin away an put in a gas chamber. Bruno an his family started looking for Bruno an discovered that Bruno wasn't around as everyone started looking for him his sister an mother came to the fence where Brunos clothes laid on the ground. They soon knew that things were wrong has father entered the camp searching for him  as  he looked he soon knew that Bruno was gone, And the two Best friends passed away together side by side.

Who?

Who knew what would happen

that day your path crossed mine?

Who knew that you would

be my sunshine?

Your my Knight in Shining Armor,

my heart is in your hands.

Who knew there was a love this great?

I hope forever is our fate.

Forever my love will remain true,

and only true to you.

You catch the pieces when they fall,

I hope I do the same for you

so that together we stand tall.

By Breeana Ortiz

Bree Ortiz
Writers Workshop
 

          First and for most, if you look at me and are not willing to except me for who I am, then don't bother. People in society are quick to judge a book by its cover and are not willing to except people for who they are. That to me is just a sign that people are narrow minded and it just means that there not worth knowing if they cant look past the outside. Being who you are and what you want to become in life is not a figure of speech its something that you fight for its a life style as as a human everyone cant and wont ever be the same. Just because others view you different I don't think a person should have to change for anyone. Be the person you want to be. Be happy for you. Don't worry about making others happy. You got to love yourself, before anyone else can love you. “if you want to be the best, you have to separate yourself from all the small talk.” just worry about what you think about yourself. I am who I am, you are who you are no one will ever change that, so don't try. I stand for my family, friends and what I want to become. I stand for things I believe in and i will always and forever fight for to uphold. Secondly, many people make a point to be different. However very few people have the balls or courage to be an individual and choose to follow the herd. “BE WHO YOU ARE AND NOT WHO YOU APPEAR TO BE.” Don't be something your not. Be what you want to be. I am one of those people who is an independent individual and I could careless what you are quick to judge me about. If you don't like it I am sorry you feel that way. Other than that I am going to tell you like it is “keep it real” not fake. I love humanity and all its vices. I can get along with anyone.

Math

         

           Math has always been one of my not so good subjects i never really understood the concept of math. My years at Yampah have really helped me. I now know that i can go on in life an have the basic math skills i will need to move on in life with normal day math skills no matter where i go or what may come may way in the world after high school.

Science

          Science is one of my favorite Subjects especially at Yampah. I've learned many thing about the world we live in. Our Science classes focused on day to day world problems all the way from the climate to Energy Saving. We visited  power plant to learn about the energy that is produced to the people in this Valley. We even made plans for our school and home on saving energy. We also had botany classes it was more of a hands on class working in the green house former Yampah Students help build. We learned about planting and what it takes to keep plant healthy and growing.
         



Bree Ortiz
October 12,2010
Soil Science Final

Compost Research Project

          Compost is composed of organic materials. It comes derived from plants and different kinds of animal matter that has been decomposed in large amounts through aerobic decomposition. It is used in gardens, landscaping, horticulture and agriculture. Alone compost is beneficial for the land in many different ways.
There are many modern proponents of rapid composing. Many short processes involve less changes to the most common methods. Including smaller more homogenized pieces in compost, controlling to nitrogen. Also the structure of natural medicated transformation are possible.
There are four important things for composing organisms to effected the work of composing. The microbial oxidation of carbon produces the heat for the energy of carbon. High carbon materials tend to be dry and brown. Nitrogen is to grow and make more organisms to oxidize the carbon.
When the materials tend to be green its high nitrogen oxygen for oxidizing the carbon the decomposition process. Water in the right amounts to maintain activity without causing anaerobic conditions.
There are five types of microorganisms found in compost. Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa and Rotifers

                                                       Social Studies/ Civics


          I learned many important things about everyday life situations about the government, and about issues around the world. One of my favorite classes i've took was Economics, learning about the United States Budget and what there plans are in doing for the years to come. Listening to lectures that citizens and Government officials talk about all the things that the world is coming to. In this class we had debate on these matters. But i've learned that you have to hear both side Good or Bad because you cant make a decision on one opinion without knowing the whole story just like other situations in life.


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Breeana Ortiz

October 27,2009

Middle East Final

Systems of Government

On October 3, 1932, Iraq gained independence from the League of Nations Mandate under British Administration. Several coups after 1958 resulted in dictatorship. The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established in 2003 under Multi-National Force - Iraq protections. On June 28, 2004, the CPA transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government. A new four-year, constitutionally based government took office in March 2006, and a new cabinet was installed in May 2006. Iraq is a constitutional democracy with a federal system of government. The 2005 Iraqi Constitution guarantees all Iraqis basic rights in many areas. The executive branch consists of the Presidency Council (one president, two deputy presidents) and a Council of Ministers (one prime minister, two deputy prime ministers, and 34 cabinet ministers). The President is the Head of State, protecting the Constitution and representing the sovereignty and unity of the state, while the Prime Minister is the direct executive authority and commander in chief. Beginning in 2006, the military and police began transitioning from being under the operational control of the Multi-National Forces-Iraq command to Iraqi command and control. The President and Vice Presidents are elected by the Council of Representatives (CoR). The Prime Minister is nominated by the largest bloc in the Council of Representatives. Upon designation, the Prime Minister names the members of his cabinet, the Council of Ministers, which is then approved by the Council of Representatives. The Council of Representatives may withdraw confidence from the Prime Minister, in which case the Prime Minister and Cabinet are considered resigned. Under normal circumstances, the executive branch serves a four-year term concurrent with that of the Council of Representatives.Iraq's legislative branch consists of an elected Council of Representatives. The Council of Representatives consists of 275 members, each of whom is elected to four-year terms of service. At least one-quarter of the members of the Council of Representatives must be female. The responsibilities of the Council of Representatives include enacting federal laws, monitoring the executive branch, and electing the President of the Republic. The Federal Council will be established, by law, as a representative for governorates and territories that are not organized in a region.Iraq's judicial branch is independent, and is under no authority but that of the law. The federal judicial authority is comprised of the Higher Judicial Council, Federal Supreme Court, Court of Cassation, Public Prosecution Department, Judiciary Oversight Commission, and other federal courts. The Higher Judicial Council supervises the affairs of the federal judiciary. The Federal Supreme Court is the highest court in the country, and the final authority on legal decisions. The establishment of the federal courts, their types, and methods for judicial appointments will be set forth by laws enacted by the Council of Representatives.

Major Religion in Iraq

Although members of the ruling Baath Party generally are ideologically committed to secularism, about 95 percent of Iraqis are Muslim and Islam is the officially recognized state religion. Islam came to the region with the victory of the Muslim armies under Caliph Umar over the Sassanians in A.D. 637 at the battle of Al Qadisiyah.The majority of inhabitants soon became Muslim, including the Kurds, although small communities of Christians and Jews remained intact in the area of present-day Iraq. Iraq has been the scene of many important events in the early history of Islam, including the schism over the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad.Relations between Shia Muslim and Sunni Muslims in Iraq, with the role played by the ruling Baath Party.

Natural Resources/ Major Exports

Iraq has some of the largest oil reserves in the world, with at least 112 billion barrels of proven reserves and possibly as much as 200 billion barrels. Despite enviable geology, the industry has been continually set back by political disturbances. It is said that the world's last barrel of oil will be lifted from Iraq. This is a testament not only to Iraq's massive reserves, but also to the effect that modern Iraqi politics have had on the industry.The oil sector has suffered immense damage due to the impact of the war with Iran, the Gulf war, over 10 years of sanctions, another war in 2003 and finally the ongoing problem of sabotage by the Iraqi insurgency. Lack of adequate investment during the 1990s meant Iraq could only carry out temporary repairs to much of its oil infrastructure. Cannibalisation held the infrastructure together, and this makeshift solution became untenable with the looting of infrastructure and the exodus of trained oil engineers in 2003. Iraq's inter-war production high of 2.9 million barrels per day (bpd) was achieved in 2000 and has yet to be reached in the wake of the most recent war.raq has the world's second largest proven oil reserves. According to oil industry experts, new exploration will probably raise Iraq's reserves to 200+ billion barrels of high-grade crude, extraordinarily cheap to produce. The four giant firms located in the US and the UK have been keen to get back into Iraq, from which they were excluded with the nationalization of 1972. During the final years of the Saddam era, they envied companies from France, Russia, China, and elsewhere, who had obtained major contracts. But UN sanctions (kept in place by the US and the UK) kept those contracts inoperable. Since the invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003, much has changed. In the new setting, with Washington running the show, "friendly" companies expect to gain most of the lucrative oil deals that will be worth hundreds of billions of dollars in profits in the coming decades. The Iraqi constitution of 2005, greatly influenced by US advisors, contains language that guarantees a major role for foreign companies. Negotiators hope soon to complete deals on Production Sharing Agreements that will give the companies control over dozens of fields, including the fabled super-giant Majnoon. But first the Parliament must pass a new oil sector investment law allowing foreign companies to assume a major role in the country. The US has threatened to withhold funding as well as financial and military support if the law does not soon pass. Although the Iraqi cabinet endorsed the draft law in July 2007, Parliament has balked at the legislation. Most Iraqis favor continued control by a national company and the powerful oil workers union strongly opposes de-nationalization. Iraq's political future is very much in flux, but oil remains the central feature of the political landscape.

Relationship with the United States

Newly released documents show that U.S. officials, including Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, played a leading role in building up Iraq's military in the 1980s when Iraq was using chemical weapons, a newspaper reports.It was Rumsfeld, now defense secretary and then a special presidential envoy, whose December 1983 meeting with Saddam Hussein led to the normalization of ties between Washington and Baghdad, according to the Washington Post. The cozy relationship was an effort to build a regional bulwark against America's enemies in Iran.The newspaper says a review of a large tranche of government documents reveals that the administrations of President Reagan and the first President Bush both authorized providing Iraq with intelligence and logistical support, and okayed the sale of dual use items — those with military and civilian applications — that included chemicals and germs, even anthrax and bubonic plague.Foreign affairs experts are split on whether the policy made sense given the different dynamics of an earlier era when the Soviet Union was still a player in the Middle East, when Iranian fundamentalism was unchecked by the current efforts toward reform, and when Saddam was already a valued friend of European U.S. allies like the French.Vital American interests were also at stake. The U.S. assistance to Iraq came only after Iran gained the upper hand in their eight-year war, and looked poised to threaten the Persian Gulf states, Kuwait and even Saudi Arabia — key suppliers of oil to the United States.Kenneth Pollack, a one-time CIA analyst and author of a current book advocating war with Iraq, told the Post, "It was a horrible mistake then, but we have got it right now. My fellow [CIA] analysts and I were warning at the time that Hussein was a very nasty character. We were constantly fighting the State Department."But former U.S. ambassador to Baghdad David Newton contended in a Post interview, "Fundamentally, the policy was justified. We were concerned that Iraq should not lose the war with Iran, because that would have threatened Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. Our long-term hope was that Hussein's government would become less repressive and more responsible."The U.S. removed Iraq from its list of states that sponsor terrorism in 1982, and as Iran made gains on the battlefield, the Reagan administration decided to pass intelligence to Iraq.The policy to do this was captured in a November 1983 National Security Directive that is still classified, but apparently stated that U.S. policy was to do "whatever was necessary and legal" to stop Iran from winning. At the same time, there were multiple reports Iraq was using chemical weapons to repulse the Iranian advance; one State Department official told Secretary of State George Shultz that Iraq was engaging in "almost daily use of (chemical weapons)" against Iranian troops.This policy led to several Rumsfeld visits to Baghdad, as a private citizen working as a presidential envoy.According to State Department report, at his first meeting with Saddam, Rumsfeld told Hussein the U.S. wanted a full resumption of relations. While the defense secretary has since said he warned Iraq about the use of chemical weapons, notes of the meeting do not show this. Rumseld apparently did mention the chemical weapons concern in a meeting with an aide to Saddam.A 1995 affidavit by former National Security Agency official Howard Teicher, obtained by the Post, claimed that the U.S. "actively supported the Iraqi war effort by supplying the Iraqis with billions of dollars of credits, by providing military intelligence and advice to the Iraqis, and by closely monitoring third country arms sales to Iraq to make sure Iraq had the military weaponry required." Teicher claimed that the CIA supplied Iraq with cluster bombs through a Chilean company. However, German and UK firms sold more weapons to Iraq than U.S. arms companies, the Post reports.Congressional investigations after the Gulf War revealed that the Commerce Department had licensed sales of biological agents, including anthrax, and insecticides, which could be used in chemical weapons, to Iraq.When Iraq used chemical weapons against the Kurds in 1987, there was anger in Congress and the White House. But a memo in 1988 from Assistant Secretary of State Richard W. Murphy stated that "The U.S.-Iraqi relationship is … important to our long-term political and economic objectives.""We believe that economic sanctions will be useless or counterproductive to influence the Iraqis," the Post quoted the memo as saying.




Treatment of Women in Iraq




To avoid such dangers, countless Iraqi women have become shut-ins in their own homes. Historian Marjorie Lasky has described this situation in "Iraqi Women Under Siege," a 2006 report for Codepink, an anti-war women's organization. Before the war, she points out, many educated Iraqi women participated fully in the work force and in public life. Now, many of them rarely go out. They fear kidnap and rape; they are terrified of getting caught in the cross-fire between Americans and insurgents; they are frightened by sectarian reprisals; and they are scared of Islamic militants who intimidate or beat them if they are not "properly covered.""In the British-occupied south,” where Muqtada al-Sadr's Mehdi's Army retains a stranglehold, the situation is at its worst. Here they are forced to live behind closed doors only to emerge, concealed behind scarves, hidden behind husbands and fathers. Even wearing a pair of trousers is considered an act of defiance, punishable by death.”Invisible women -- for some Iraqi fundamentalist Islamic leaders, this is a dream come true. The Ministry of the Interior, for example, recently issued notices warning women not to go out on their own. "This is a Muslim country and any attack on a woman's modesty is also an attack on our religious beliefs," said Salah Ali, a senior ministry official. Religious leaders in both Sunni and Shiite mosques have used their sermons to persuade their largely male congregations to keep working women at home. "These incidents of abuse just prove what we have been saying for so long," said Sheikh Salah Muzidin, an imam at a mosque in Baghdad. "That it is the Islamic duty of women to stay in their homes, looking after their children and husbands rather than searching for work---especially with the current lack of security in the country."In the early 1970s, American feminists redefined rape and argued that it was an act driven not by sexual lust, but by a desire to exercise power over another person. Rape, they argued, was an act of terrorism that kept all women from claiming their right to public space. That is precisely what has happened to Iraqi women since the American invasion of Iraq. Sexual terrorism coupled with religious zealotry has stolen their right to claim their place in public life.This, then, is a hidden part of the unnecessary suffering loosed by the reckless invasion of Iraq. Amid the daily explosions and gunfire that make the papers is a wave of sexual terrorism, whose exact dimensions we have no way of knowing, and that no one here notices, unleashed by the Bush administration in the name of exporting "democracy" and fighting "the war on terror."




Terrorist activity within the borders of Iraq




In the past, smuggling and terrorist activity has plagued the mountainous terrain along the northeastern border of Iraq and Iran. The Iraqi Border Police – now known as the Department of Border Enforcement (DBE) – was established in July 2003 to patrol the border and eliminate these illegal operations. 

Border teams from Headquarters and Headquarters Service Company, Task Force 2-11 Field Artillery, head out on six-day border patrol missions from Forward Operating Base Kalsu to provide any needed support to the DBE inside 2nd Brigade Combat Team’s area of operations. 

On Sept. 20, Border Team 1 from HHS, TF 2-11 FA began their patrol mission when they convoyed to the Choarta District’s DBE headquarters to receive an intelligence brief from the district commander. Team 1 is also responsible for the DBE in the Qala Diza District. 

“We evaluate what their needs are and inspect border operations in the districts. We then report any intelligence back to our task force, who then passes it on to the brigade,” 1st Lt. Drew Johnston, Border Team 1 leader said about his team’s responsibilities. 

HHS, TF 2-11 FA has three border teams who support DBE units in five districts and 292 miles of Iraq-Iran border. 

Following any intelligence briefs, border teams usually conduct joint patrols with the DBE guards in search of illegal activity along the mountainous regions. The rugged mountain roads take them through small farming villages and sometimes beside mine-infested fields left over from the Iraq-Iran War about 20 years ago. 
In most cases, border teams stay overnight at random border control points (BCPs) within the districts, where they interact with DBE guards and monitor border surveillance. 

While staying at the BCP Awi Curti, Soldiers from Team 1 and the DBE participated in a joint mission to observe a smuggler’s village directly across from Iran. 
To ease personal concern of illegal smuggling in the area, Staff Sgt. Daniel McKim, Team 1 non-commissioned-officer-in-charge, along with DBE guards questioned one of the land owners to get to the bottom of the issue. 

A brief discussion later, McKim discovered that the smuggling operations at this particular village were legal, but may be illegal in Iran or at least taxed by customs officials. 
Smugglers stage at this village where they pack loads of goods, such as sugar and tea, and then transport the goods into Iran on donkeys. 
“We went down there to check for any illegal items or contraband and to maintain relations with the guys along the border. If they hear or see anything illegal coming into Iraq, they’ll hopefully notify the DBE,” McKim said. 

In addition to these types of operations, border teams often receive extra duties from higher echelons to complete while out on their patrol missions. During their recent patrol mission, Team 1 was directed to scout out possible voting locations for the upcoming Iraqi election early next year. 

In order to do this, Team 1 drove numerous hours through the mountainous terrain to see if certain village schoolhouses could support a ballot voting site. 

At the end of their long and tiring patrol missions, border teams travel back to FOB Kalsu to rearm and refit. Four days later, border teams travel out to the mountains again.